The Mach-Zehnder modulator based on bi-layer graphene-silicon-waveguide

We demonstrate that by inserting bi-layer graphene inside silicon waveguide, the modulation ability of the overall waveguide can be greatly enhanced. A Mach-Zehnder modulator based on this structure is proposed and the calculated results show the modulator exhibits an excellent performance in terms of small footprint (35 μm
²
) and high extinction ration (31 dB). Besides, it requires low applied voltage and can be compatible with CMOS technology.