Graphene and related 2D materials for high efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

We report the use of graphene and related 2D materials as an effective way to control and stabilize the interfaces in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In particular, graphene flakes have been used as a dopant for compact and mesoporous TiO
₂
layers while reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or molybdenum disulphide (MoS
₂
) have been employed as interlayer at the perovskite/hole transporting material interface. With respect to standard architecture, the proposed engineering of mesoscopic PSC combines enhanced performance with improved stability under real working conditions.