Map-aided multi-level indoor vehicle positioning

In this paper, an indoor vehicle multi-level positioning algorithm is proposed that makes use of an indoor map, as well as dead-reckoning sensor information that is available in every car. A particle filter framework is used for online optimal Bayesian vehicle positioning with indoor-outdoor transitions. The method is validated experimentally in two indoor multi-level car parks. The achieved results indicate that accurate indoor positioning is possible already today without relying on expensive technology such as e.g. laser scanners or additional hardware.