Changes of Cyber-Attacks Techniques and Patterns after the Fourth Industrial Revolution

In this paper, we predicted the changes of cyber-attacks techniques and patterns after the fourth industrial revolution with the epochal shift of information and communication technology and innovation of science and technology. Cyber space will be hyper-connection, cross-domain, and super intelligence space as connecting everything in the world due to a fusion of information and communication technologies such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, and cyber-physical systems. Cyber-attacks will use all electronic devices including wireless or wire networks, hardware, software, and cyber-physical systems as a route. The hacking tool's functions will evolve into a variety of forms reflecting human thought and behavioral procedures. The attack target will not be limited to a specific object. The purpose of the cyber-attack is to focus on secondary effects and indirect attacks as well as direct attacks.