Estimation and measurement of the streaming velocity in presence of contrast agents or blood mimicking scatterers

Acoustic streaming is a steady flow in a fluid driven by the acoustic wave propagating in a lossy medium. Streaming depends on intensity and absorption of ultrasound in the media. In some cases, such as ultrasound scattered on the blood cells at frequencies ≥ 20 MHz or the presence of ultrasound contrast agents, scattering affects the streaming speed. Parallel to measurements, the streaming theoretical description was modified by introducing the scattering coefficient to equations describing the radiation force and the streaming velocity.