Nature-Inspired High-Directivity Microstrip Antennas: Fractals and Genetics

High directivity single element patch antennas with broadside directivity are preferred to array antennas since it avoids the need for a complex feeding network. Two examples of high-directive microstrip antennas synthesized by fractals and genetic algorithm optimization are compared in this paper. Both simulated and measured results show the potential of fractals and genetic algorithms to design non-intuitive antennas having broadside and high-directivity performance with a single microstrip element. Said elements are useful for hot-spots.