Calibration of ray-tracing simulator for millimeter-wave outdoor communications

Ray-tracing (RT) simulator plays an important role in analyzing the channel characteristics of radio waves propagation environment. In this paper, the reflection coefficient of the existing ray-tracing simulator is calibrated based on the results measured in New York University's (NYU) Manhattan campus at 28 GHz. Both the dielectric constant and loss tangent parameters are optimized by calibration. As the measurement dimension is very limited, calibrated RT simulator can be used more effectively for the outdoor system design in millimeter-wave bands.