Modeling bistatic scattering signatures from sources of opportunity in P-Ka bands

This paper addresses how the various different parameters of the bistatic return from navigation and communication Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) should be considered in bistatic modeling. The coherent and incoherent bistatic returns from Earth's surface are discussed. Furthermore, formulation for modeling ocean surfaces is reviewed for a broad range of SoOp frequencies, and different parameters for land surfaces are considered from the modeling perspective. Advanced modeling tools could help with the understanding of the effect of different geophysical parameters on the coherent and incoherent components of the reflected signature and could also provide a comparison between bistatic and backscattering signals for the same scenes.