Generalized material models in TLM .I. Materials with frequency-dependent properties

This paper presents the fundamentals of a unified approach for the treatment of general material properties in time-domain simulation based on transmission-line modeling (TLM). Linear frequency-dependent isotropic materials are dealt with in the first instance. The iteration schemes for one-dimensional (1-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) models are developed from Maxwell's curl equations and the constitutive relations. Results are presented showing the accuracy of this approach.