AFL-TOHIP: Adaptive fractional lion optimization to topology-hiding multi-path routing in mobile ad hoc network

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) becomes the facilitating and emerging trends for data transmission. Due to the nodes are freely connected with each other, the challenging is to provide the secure transmission. To attain this objective, the Adaptive Fractional Lion TOpology-HIding multipath routing protocol (AFL-TOHIP) is proposed. The TOHIP protocol constitutes route request phase, route reply phase and route probe phase, to acquire the multiple numbers of disjoint paths in MANET. Consequently, the proposed algorithm is developed to select the optimal routing path. Here, the fractional calculus is utilized to integrate with the lion optimization algorithm. Then, the fractional lion algorithm is incorporated into the TOHIP protocol, named AFL-TOHIP. In addition to improve the solution searching, the fractional lion algorithm is mathematically integrated with the TOHIP protocol. In the proposed algorithm, the fractional derivative is adapted according to the generation of the solution. Finally, the optimal routing path is obtained, used to transmit the packets from source to destination node. The extensive experimental results are evaluated using MATLAB implementation. Then, the performance is analysed compared to existing algorithms. Thus, the novel AFL-TOHIP optimization algorithm achieves 0.603 throughputs and 0.572 less delay, which enhances the transmission efficiency and robustness.