Extension of NVNA Baseband Measurement for PA Characterization Under Complex Modulation

We investigated the measurement techniques of the nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA) test bench, to fully characterize the nonlinear behavior of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) driven by complex modulated signals. In order to extend the baseband measurements, two kinds of NVNA phase reference approaches are developed as alternative solutions, so that the baseband phase measurements can be achieved with those of modulated components at multiharmonic RF bands. In the first approach, a modulated baseband signal is combined with another modulated RF one to become the desired NVNA phase reference. While as an alternative solution, the second phase reference design is based on a “stepped” multisine, which is stepped through the baseband and each harmonic following the NVNA swept measurements, to achieve stable phase measurements. To validate these proposed NVNA test bench designs, an RF PA, driven by a large-signal long-term evolution-like multisine, was tested and compared with digital real-time oscilloscope measurements.