A DDS-Based Energy Management Framework for Small Microgrid Operation and Control

The smart grid is seen as a power system with real-time communication and control capabilities between the consumer and the utility. This modern platform facilitates the optimization in energy usage based on several factors including environmental, price preferences, and system technical issues. In this paper, a real-time energy management system (EMS) for microgrids or nanogrids was developed. The developed system involves an online optimization scheme to adapt its parameters based on previous, current, and forecasted future system states. The communication requirements for all EMS modules were analyzed and are all integrated over a data distribution service Ethernet network with appropriate quality-of-service profiles. The developed EMS was emulated with actual residential energy consumption and irradiance data from Miami, Florida, and proved its effectiveness in reducing consumers' bills and achieving flat peak load profiles.