Emergency data gathering mechanism for sustainable wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) use mobile actuators for data gathering, which can effectively reduce the energy loss caused by data forwarding and prolong the network lifetime. However, mobile data gathering can't fundamentally change the fact that the energy of sensor nodes is limited. In this paper, to reduce the energy consumption due to data forwarding in wireless sensor networks, an emergency data gathering mechanism based on time delay and buffer constraints(EDG-TDB) is proposed. In this scheme, the data gathering model is constructed and converted into linear programming problems, in which the optimal goal and constraints are also proposed. Then according to the buffer and residual energy of sensor nodes, the dynamic network topology is determined, which divides the network into several regions. The actuators choose the emergency regions as the visiting areas, and plan the optimal path using heuristic path planning algorithm. Through extensive experiments, the performance of the proposed scheme is validated to reduce the energy consumtion of the WSNs.