Consensus for active power sharing and frequency restoration in islanded microgrids subject to drifting clocks

The application of consensus theory in the control of islanded microgrids (MG) is gaining increased attention because it facilitates the development of distributed control solutions. In particular, its application to active power sharing and frequency regulation has lead to satisfactory results. This paper analyses the effect that local clock drifts have in the parallel operation of voltage source inverters (VSIs) in islanded microgrids (MG) when governed by a distributed consensus algorithm. Analytical expressions that relate the steady-state frequency and active power as a function of each VSI local drift are provided. These expressions allow extracting tuning rules for the consensus-based control algorithm. Simulation results permit corroborating the theoretical analysis.