Design of circularly polarized Giuseppe Peano fractal patch antenna by the theory of Characteristic Mode

The Characteristic Mode (CM) Theory has been used in a variety of applications including radiation and scattering analysis and pattern synthesis. CM theory provides a systematic approach to antenna design and is used here to design the Giuseppe Peano (GP) fractal microstrip antennas. In this paper, three GP fractal antennas with linear and circular polarization are designed by CM theory. Each GP fractal antenna is first analyzed by CM theory to find the antenna CMs. Coaxial probe feed location is then selected appropriately to excite desired CMs with respect to their modal currents (surface currents). The goal of this work is to use the CM theory to inform the synthesis of dual band and circularly polarized GP fractal antennas. GP fractal antennas are fabricated and measured to evaluate and prove their stated properties and specifications.