Macro environmental analysis of the electric vehicle battery second use market

The end-of-life (EOL) strategy of repurposing degraded electric vehicle (EV) batteries in second use applications holds the potential to reduce first-cost obstacles of EVs. With a prospective EV market uptake, increasing numbers of retired batteries will be available soon for battery second use (B2U). But this emerging secondary market remains unclear from a business model perspective. This paper evaluated the evolving B2U market from a macro environmental perspective to comprehend key opportunities and threats in the future.