Requirements for flexible districts to provide smart grid demand side services

Flexibility on the demand side helps to integrate renewable generation systems into the energy system. Flexibility can be provided by storage systems as well as by controllable loads and generation units. Battery systems with a first life in electric vehicles can be used as second life batteries in stationary storage systems to increase the profitability of the system. This paper introduces a district with a high potential to provide flexibility. The district comprises a wind turbine and three buildings, two of which can provide flexibility thanks to the combination of the installed electro-thermal units and a second life battery system. Therefore, the district is able to provide different services like demand response or ancillary services to the DSO. The objective of this paper is to identify the services that the district can provide and to investigate the requirements to the district defined by such services.