Optimal restoration of distribution systems with active participation of volatile renewable generators

A strategy for a secure power system restoration (PSR) at distribution levels with active participation of volatile but remotely-controllable (RC) renewable energy source (RES) generators is proposed. It is based on an Awareness Tool as well as a Decision-Support Tool to assist distribution system operators (DSO) in their decision-making process during PSR. The Awareness Tool determines the active power peaks at and after the instant of re-energization for each and every substation of a distribution grid where loads and volatile RES generations are fully mixed. The Decision-Support Tool utilizes the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) technique to determine network clusters with the help of the Awareness Tool results. The objective is to create different load-dominant areas (load clusters) at the DSO level which consume smooth active powers from the transmission levels for a specific forward-looking time horizon.