Caltrop cupric oxide particles synthesized by X-ray photochemical reaction

The deposition of caltrop-shaped cupric oxide particles synthesized by X-ray radiolysis process was performed on a silicon substrate. The use of alcohol such as methanol and ethanol as an additive enabled the nucleation and growth of caltrop-shaped cupric particles, while no particles were produced in a cupric acetate solution without any alcohol with X-ray irradiation using synchrotron radiation. The results demonstrate the behavior of three-dimensional printers, providing the fabrication process to achieve the composite material structures with metallic and plastic materials with various functionality.