A Balanced Energy Consuming and Hole Alleviating Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) energy balancing and energy efficiency are the key requirements to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy hole, where sensor nodes located near the sink or in some other parts of the network die very early due to unbalanced load distribution. Moreover, there is a dire need to utilize the energy resource efficiently. For this purpose, a balanced energy consuming and hole alleviating (BECHA), and energy-aware balanced energy consuming and hole alleviating (EA-BECHA) algorithms are proposed, not only to balance the load distribution of entire network, but also to utilize the energy resource efficiently. This work mainly adopts data forwarding and routing selection strategy for the entire network. An optimal distance and energy-based transmission strategy which is free of location error is adopted to forward the different size of data to the neighbors by selecting the optimal forwarder. Finally, the simulation results validate the proposed schemes by showing improvement in network lifetime, energy balancing and enhanced throughput.