Computation of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulses Using a Hybrid Constrained Interpolation Profile and Transmission Line Modeling Method

In this paper, a hybrid approach of the constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method and the transmission line modeling (TLM) method has been proposed for analyzing lightning electromagnetic fields and surges in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The TLM method is employed locally in the working space for representing thin-wire conductors, and the CIP method is used for computing fields in the rest of the working space. Waveforms of lightning electromagnetic fields and surges computed using the CIP-TLM hybrid method agree well with corresponding ones computed using exact analytical expressions or with the finite-difference time-domain method.