Energy efficient cluster formation algorithm and sink relocation algorithm for precision agriculture

The globalization has led to the conversion of agricultural land into multi storey buildings. The land available for agriculture is very less and a lot of stress is put on the scarcely available land. Hence this scenario it is essential to increase the farmland yield without exploiting the nutrients. Precision agriculture is a growing field of interest, where technology and eco-friendly activities go hand in hand with each other. Precision farming is providing the plants with right amount of water, nutrients, herbicides in the right proportion and quantity at the right time. Since, the demand of water, food and energy is growing, it is essential to conserve these scarce resources. Wireless sensor networks are deployed in order to sense the environment information and the nodes are deployed one time with unreplaceable batteries. Therefore, the network lifetime has to made maximum by techniques like cluster formation and sink relocation.