A wearable antenna design using a high impedance surface for all-metal smartwatch applications

A smartwatch antenna with a novel high impedance surface (HIS) is investigated in this paper. In order to fit the all-metal smartwatch applications, a non-planar HIS is proposed instead of using a traditional planar one. With the presence of the HIS, the wrist phantom has a slight impact on the antenna's performance and a low SAR can also be obtained. The antenna can achieve a gain of >1.3 dBi and an efficiency of >40% from 2.4 to 2.484 GHz even when it is mounted above a wrist phantom. Hence, it can work effectively for WIFI or Bluetooth system.