Novel Adaptive Multi-Clustering Algorithm-Based Optimal ESS Sizing in Ship Power System Considering Uncertainty

The optimal sizing of an energy storage system (ESS) in a power generation system that incorporates photovoltaic (PV) generation is crucial in a power grid for which the reduction of CO
₂
emissions is important. This problem is particularly challenging when it relates to the power system of a ship because it involves uncertain meteorological and load data along a navigation route. This paper proposes a novel method for multi-objective minimization of investment/replacement cost, fuel cost, and CO
₂
emissions, to find the optimal size of the ESS considering life-span of the ESS. The generation of power by PV modules on a ship is affected by temporal and geographical variations of irradiation along the navigation route. In particular, operating load conditions and irradiation are uncertain. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for partitioning high-dimensional uncertain data into tractable clusters solved by deterministic optimization method. Case studies of an all-electric ship along a route from Dalian in China to Aden in Yemen are shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed clustering-based stochastic optimization method.