Electromagnetic hazard mitigation in mobile telephones

Public awareness of electromagnetic hazard on the human body encourages researchers to investigate thoroughly into this subject. Several previous papers have studied the effect of electromagnetic waves on the human head, eyes and the whole human body. In these papers the researchers proved that there exist a considerable amount of hazard to human health caused by the electromagnetic waves transmitted from mobile telephones as well as wireless LANs. In this article three main research aspects were looked into; these are: (1) the transmission of electromagnetic waves through the human skull; (2) the behavior of a monopole antenna beam pattern in the presence of a human head; and (3) the newly investigated two-elements antenna behavior; also in the presence of human head and a reflector.