Wind energy history, technology and control

In this paper a historical perspective of wind energy is discussed. Then, Data from the World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) were used to discuss the technology trends in wind energy. The horizontal axis wind turbine structure, major components, and fundamental of operation of each block was briefly discussed. The tools and techniques used in design and control of large-scale wind turbine were also reviewed. Some overview of the various stages of turbine operation and control strategies used to maximize energy capture in below rated wind speeds was presented; however, the emphasis was on control to alleviate loads when the turbine was operating at maximum power. The nonlinear model of wind turbines and their linear version for design of controllers were explained and developed. Finally, the available linear control techniques for capturing maximum power from the wind were conferred.