Broadside Dual-Channel Orthogonal-Polarization Radiation Using a Double-Asymmetric Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna

This paper demonstrates that double unit-cell asymmetry in periodic leaky-wave antennas (P-LWAs), i.e., asymmetry with respect to both the longitudinal and transversal axes of the structure-longitudinal asymmetry (LA) and transversal asymmetry (TA)-allows for the simultaneous broadside radiation of two orthogonal modes excited at the two ports of the antenna. This means that the antenna may simultaneously support two orthogonal channels, which represents interesting polarization diversity characteristics for wireless communications. The double asymmetric (DA) unit cell combines a circularly polarized LA unit cell and a coupled mode TA unit cell, where the former provides equal radiation in the series and shunt modes while the latter separates these two modes in terms of their excitation ports. It is also shown that the degree of TA in the DA unit cell controls the cross-polarization discrimination level. The DA P-LWA concept is illustrated by two examples, a series-fed line-connected patch (SF-LCP) P-LWA and a series-fed capacitively coupled patch (SF-CCP) P-LWA, via full-wave simulation and also experiment for the SF-LCP P-LWA case.