Surface Testing the Crystal Grain Orientation by Lag Angle Plots

In this paper, a technique based on contactless magnetic measurements is described to evaluate the orientation of the crystal grains in grain-oriented ferromagnetic materials. It is shown that both the orientation of the major easy axis, with respect to the rolling direction, and the angle of the out-of-plane axes with respect to the lamination plane, could be evaluated from non-invasive magnetic measurements by the analysis of the lag angle plots. The measured data have to be compared with the simulations of the single grain to estimate its orientation from the measured effects of the local in-plane magnetic anisotropy.