Towards fully renewable energy systems: Experience and trends in Denmark

Deployment of renewable energy generation capacities and integration of their power production into existing power systems has become a global trend, with a common set of operational challenges stemming from variability and limited predictability of power generation from, e.g., wind and solar. Denmark is a country that invested early in wind energy, rapidly proposing very ambitious goals for the future of its energy system and global energy usage. While the case of Denmark is specific due to its limited size and good interconnections, there may still be a lot to learn from the way operational practice has evolved, also from shifting towards a liberalized electricity market environment, and more generally from going along with other technological and societal evolution. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of recent and current initiatives in Denmark that contributes towards a goal of reaching a fully renewable energy system.