Finite-Element Modeling of Metasurfaces With Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions

A modeling of metasurfaces in the finite-element method (FEM) based on generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) is presented. The discontinuities in electromagnetic fields across a metasurface as represented by the GSTC are modeled by assigning nodes to both the sides of the metasurface. The FEM-GSTC formulation in both 1-D and 2-D domains is derived and implemented. The method is extended to handle more general bianistroptic metasurfaces. The formulations are validated by several illustrative examples.