A broad overview of GPS fundamentals: Now and future

GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite based navigation system and is used in a variety of applications such as mapping, vehicle navigation and surveying. In this work, a detailed background of GPS is included. First, historical development of GPS technology is provided. This is followed by a detailed theoretical background of GPS and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Afterwards, the topics of “GPS estimation error” and “increasing GPS position accuracy” are covered. Then, various counterparts of GPS technology, developed by rival countries are discussed. Finally, future expectations of scientific world from the GNSS technology are presented.