Radio propagation and troposphere parameters effect for Microwave links in Sudan

Microwave links have to be designed such that propagation effects do not reduce the quality of the transmitted signals. Measurements and the derived propagation parameters are analysed and discussed. Metrological parameters data(Visibility, Temperature, Relative humidity and Atmospheric Pressure) gotten from the Sudan Meteorological Authority (SMA) are used to calculate the daily averages of refractivity for last year's 2014 – 2015. The meteorological data collected were computed to obtain the refractivity, refractivity gradient and earth radius factor. The results of the diurnal variation of refractivity based on assessment of relative humidity, dust cloud, rain fall, temperature and atmospheric pressure made across of covered all region in Sudan, Port Sudan (18° 25′ N, 37° 25′ E), Khartoum (15° 33′ N, 32° 31′E), Dongla (19° 10′ N, 30° 29′ E), ElFashir (13° 28′ N, 25° 21′ E), and Wad Madani (14° 23′ N, 33° 32′ E), is presented in this study. Radio refractivity and attenuation signal strength are inversely related with ranges of 390 and 405 annual in different stations respectively. Results obtained ascertained that each atmospheric parameter has a role to play in refractivity with humidity as the major factor that is having more influence than other factors. The main contribution of this study improve future planning of the radio links in study area.