Piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester using two cantilevers for frequency up-conversion

We developed frequency up-conversion hybrid energy harvester using two (internal and external) cantilevers. In order to increase harvesting power, the harvester utilizes piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversions simultaneously. By adopting frequency up-conversion method which is enabled by the bending of layered structures (substrate and two cantilevers) and separation between them, it can harvest electrical energy effectively from mechanical motion at extremely low frequency. The maximum power was measured to be 5.76 mW, which is the sum of the power generated by two different mechanisms.