CAD of broadband active mictrostrip antennas for mobile and satellite communications

The amplifier-types of active antennas, in which amplifiers are integrated with microstrip patches, is an innovative topic recently [1], [2]. In addition to the advantages of reducing the losses in the feed circuits, this type of active antennas can be designed with both higher realized gain and wider gain bandwidth than their passive counterparts when active concept is employed [3]. This type of active antennas is particularly attractive for mobile and satellite communications.