Design and build of hydropower testing system in scale of laboratory

This hydropower testing system module is adopted from environmental condition into a laboratory scale. It is intended to be easily analyzed the variables that can increase the mechanical power of water turbine. The objects of this research are pelton turbine and francis turbine. This module is able to vary five variables including flow rate, nozzle distance, nozzle velocity, number of nozzle and angle of attack of the nozzle. In piping system is analyzed major and minor head loss. In pelton turbine the mostly affected by varying number of nozzle from 6.27 watts to 11.5 watts, increased an average of 1.8 times. Mechanical power of francis turbine is affected by flow rate, by increasing flow rate in range of 0.2 m³/h the mechanical power also increase in the amount of 0,1 watt. Highest head loss reached 5.3 meters, it occurs in francis turbine. The high value causes from many types of fitting, pipe length, and minor loss coefficient. At the same flow rate 0.00347 m³/s pelton turbine generate power up to 5.5 watts and francis turbine 1.3 watts. The efficiency of hydropower testing system that compares mechanical power and pump hydraulic power is 8%. Overall the power that can be generated by turbines is affected by total head that working on the system.