A unified three-phase branch model for a distribution-system state estimation

In this paper we propose a unified model for the three-phase distribution conductors, transformers, tap changers, and voltage regulators in any type of connection. Such a representation of the network components allows a straightforward construction of the network-admittance matrix, which is required by some algorithms that are used in the distribution-system state estimation. The paper also includes an illustrative example that demonstrates the utility of the proposed model.