Biased PNG With Terminal-Angle Constraint for Intercepting Nonmaneuvering Targets Under Physical Constraints

A biased proportional navigation guidance law, considering the seeker's look angle and acceleration capability limits, for impact-angle-control against nonmaneuvering targets is proposed. The proposed law consists of two time-varying biases: One is to achieve the desired impact angle within the command limit; the other is to keep the look angle constant for not exceeding the boundary value. Under physical constraints, the maximum achievable impact angle is obtained for practical implementation. The performance of the proposed law is demonstrated through nonlinear simulations.