Characterization and Optimization of Unrepeatered Coherent Transmission Systems Using DRA and ROPA

We present a detailed investigation of the singe-channel 100G polarization-multiplexed quadrature-phase-shift-keying-based unrepeatered coherent transmissions using various order distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs). The impact of main factors on the system performance is discussed including intrachannel nonlinearity, amplified spontaneous emission, double Rayleigh backscattering, and pump relative intensity noise (RIN)-induced impairments. After optimizing the pump power configuration, it is found that compared to a first- and a third-order DRA, a second-order DRA can provide the best performance owing to relative high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and low pump RIN-induced penalty. By using the Giles model, the optimization of a remote optically pumped amplifier is performed in terms of the Erbium-doped fiber length and its farthest position, with given input signal's power and OSNR.