Fixed-symbols-based synchronization for insertion/deletion/substitution channels

We investigate a synchronization method for channels that are impaired by insertion, deletion, and substitution (IDS) errors and include outer low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with error-correction capabilities and inner marker codes for synchronization. We improve synchronization using fixed-symbols, and evaluate the achievable rate by a specific fixed-symbol assignment. We demonstrate via simulation that the bit error rate of the proposed method over an IDS channel is lower than that of the conventional method.