Extension of AC–DC Transfer Standards From 100 Down to 2 mV Using RVDs

This paper describes a method for extending the range of low-voltage ac-dc transfer standards from 100 down to 2 mV using nonreactive resistive voltage dividers (RVDs). A low ratio is chosen for the RVD to avoid variations in the ranges of the thermal transfer standards with amplifiers. The advantage to this method is that a multijunction thermal converter can be used as a reference standard. The results of ac-dc transfer differences determined by RVDs at 2 mV were in good agreement with the results from using micropotentiometers in the frequency range of 10 Hz-1 MHz.