RACE: Reliability and adaptive cooperation for efficient underwater sensor networks

For the design of a network layer routing scheme for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN), physical layer cooperation is used in this paper which ensures energy efficiency. For achieving major goal of efficient data routing, a key factor is reliability for application-oriented UWSNs. All the nodes of network fortified by a unidirectional antenna cooperatively perform their propagation of data that lead to major saving of nodes energy. At network layer, hop to hop routing and at physical layer diverse cooperation, minimize the routing energy due to combined optimization. Simulation results depict that as compared to AMCTD and ACE, RACE routing scheme achieves better packet delivery ratio, high stability period, less consumption of energy and minimum end-to-end delay.