Risk assessment and possible mitigation solutions for using solar photovoltaic at airports

Many airports have become aware of the environmental benefits of using renewable energy resources, and they have focused their efforts on introducing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on their available free land. Compared to other renewable energy technologies, solar PV arrays are the most suitable technology for airports. Because of the mandatory security requirements at airports, using solar PV is still a complex task because of the possible risks to aviation safety and air transportation systems. Glare due to the reflection of sunlight from the metal parts of a solar PV panel, electromagnetic interference with radar and other navigational aids, wildlife hazards, and the detachment of PV parts are the most common potential risks that could affect aviation safety. In this paper, the emerging safety concerns related to the installation of large-scale PV systems at airports are presented and discussed. Risk assessment matrices with the identification of risks and their potential consequences are demonstrated. In addition, possible mitigation solutions are provided to advance the state of knowledge on this issue. Based on the results gained from the proposed matrices, it is concluded that there is a significant opportunity to use solar PV at airports while complying with the aerodrome boundaries. This can be achieved using special procedures in PV design, installation, and maintenance to overcome the related potential risks.