Healthcare simulation tutorial: Methods, challenges, and opportunities

Simulation in healthcare is becoming an increasingly important methodology for systems improvement projects. For any given project, the simulation methodology to be used is highly application-dependent. The majority of healthcare simulation models are performed with one of three methodologies: discrete-event simulation, system dynamics, or agent-based modeling. In this tutorial we will present examples of real-world projects applied using each method. These examples, some taken from our own research, will range from complex disease progression and social determinants of health to problems in resource planning, scheduling, and allocation. We will also discuss simulation challenges unique to healthcare such as privacy and security; regulation; IRB approval; data quality, availability, and collection; interdisciplinary collaboration and facility access. Finally, we will present our thoughts on emerging opportunities for healthcare simulation such as perioperative care; coordination across the care continuum; population health management; patient health belief and behavior; and emerging healthcare regulation and policy.