Maximum power point tracking with fractional order high pass filter for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell U+0028 PEMFC U+0029 is widely recognized as a potentially renewable and green energy source based on hydrogen. Maximum power point tracking U+0028 MPPT U+0029 is one of the most important working conditions to be considered. In order to improve the performance such as convergence and robustness under disturbance and uncertainty, a fractional order high pass filter U+0028 FOHPF U+0029 is applied for the MPPT controller design based on the traditional extremum seeking control U+0028 ESC U+0029. The controller is designed with integerorder integrator U+0028 IO-I U+0029 and low pass filter U+0028 IO-LPF U+0029 together with fractional order high pass filter U+0028 FOHPF U+0029, by substituting the normal HPF in the original ESC system. With this FOHPF ESC, better convergence and smoother performance are achieved while maintaining the robust specifications. First, tracking stability is discussed under the commensurate-order condition. Then, simulation results are included to validate the proposed new FOHPF ESC scheme under disturbance. Finally, comparison results between FOHPF ESC and the traditional ESC method are also provided.