A 5 Gb/s Voltage-Mode Transmitter Using Adaptive Time-Based De-Emphasis

A 5-Gb/s voltage-mode (VM) transmitter using adaptive time-based de-emphasis is presented. The duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation data is adjusted by the spectrum-balancing technique. This adaptive VM transmitter does not need an auxiliary cable. It can adaptively compensate the loss of the channels with different lengths. This transmitter and a receiver are fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process. The active areas of the transmitter and the receiver are 0.075 mm
²
and 0.105 mm
²
, respectively. For a 1.1 V supply voltage, the power of the transmitter is 9.3 mW and the total power of the transceiver is 17.5 mW. For a 5-Gb/s PRBS of 2
⁷
-1 passing through a 9-m coaxial cable with a 15.35-dB loss, the measured root-mean-square and peak-to-peak jitters of the recovered data are 12.25 and 64.44 ps, respectively. The settling time for adaptive time-based de-emphasis is 2.048 μs. The measured bit error rate is less than 10
^-12
.