A Comparative Survey of the HPC and Big Data Paradigms: Analysis and Experiments

Many scientific data analytic applications need huge amounts of input, which can often consist of more than several TBs of data. This emphasizes the high I/O and processing/computational cost requirements of these algorithms. Tasks in these programs can induce more I/O operations than computations or the opposite. Hardware also includes nodes with large storage devices and/or nodes with sophisticated computational capabilities. To embrace the heterogeneity of the hardware systems in non-cloud and cloud environments, the issues of resource and job allocation in these environments need to be revisited. High-Performance Computing models, under the leadership of MPI (plus OpenMP) parallel APIs, have mostly met users' requirements in terms of high computational performance, while Big Data frameworks such as Spark have performed likewise in terms of high-level programming, resiliency and I/O handling. Therefore, in order to meet the specialized needs of scientists, there is a need for convergence between HPC and Big Data ecosystems. This paper presents a data-supported, comparative survey of the main current HPC and Big Data programming interfaces, namely MPI, OpenMP, PGAS (OpenSHMEM), Spark, and Hadoop, and their software stacks. A comprehensive experimental study of these interfaces on a set of benchmarks, namely reduction and I/O microbenchmarks, the StackExchange AnswersCount benchmark, and PageRank Benchmark has been performed on a single platform in order to achieve a fair comparison. These experiments lead to a thorough discussion about whether the envisioned convergence is needed or not, efficient or not, and whether it is the best solution to tackle future computational challenges.