Spatial correlation analysis revisited: Theory, and application to “radar backscatter model” data

Three novel correlation techniques for the estimation of atmospheric wind velocities using spaced antenna (SA) radars are introduced. These techniques apply the concepts of spatial correlation analysis, providing an alternative to the conventional full correlation analysis (FCA). The techniques are implemented using simulated data. The first technique is applicable to three or more noncolinear antennas. This technique is shown to produce velocities in excellent agreement with the FCA “true” velocity and is also subject to the “triangle size effect” (TSE), whereby the velocity decreases below the actual wind velocity with decreasing antenna spacing. The remaining two techniques are applicable to four antennas arranged in either a square or a “Y” configuration. These two techniques are shown to be independent of the TSE and may therefore provide a valuable alternative to the FCA in situations where the FCA may underestimate the actual wind velocity.