Nonplanar trapezoidal tooth log-periodic antennas: Design and electromagnetic modeling

Nonplanar trapezoidal tooth log-periodic (LP) antennas are investigated by combining the wisdom of theoretical design procedures with the power of accurate numerical simulation environments. Once the theoretical design is completed, electromagnetic simulations employing accurate integral equation solvers are utilized to test and correct the original design. A two-element array of trapezoidal tooth LP antennas is designed. The array features beam-steering ability as a novelty, in addition to frequency independence and higher directivity. Beam steering is achieved by optimizing the excitation coefficients of the two LP antennas.