Automatic testing of soil samples using ion selective electrodes (ISEs)

This paper intends to implement a method for automatic measuring of various soil properties using three different sensors including ion selective electrodes (ISEs). Automatic detection of soil macronutrients is beneficial in recording soil nutrient variability for soil reports. The data obtained from the system is printed in these reports along with soil sample number. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are a favorable approach due to their small size, quick response, and ability to directly measure the analytic solution. These sensors provide the conversion of chemical information into an electrical signal. The control unit consisting of Arduino Uno converts this analog information and provides suitable data to the output unit consisting of LCD and printer. With the increased capability of modern automatic titrations it is possible to measure ion content in minutes using an ion-selective electrode (ISE).