Study on energy efficiency of D2D underlay massive MIMO networks with power beacons

This paper focuses on energy efficiency of device-to-device (D2D) underlay massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) hybrid networks with power beacons (PBs). The D2D transmitters harvest the energy from the signals of dedicated power beacons, but also the ambient radio frequency (RF) interference of cellular users (CUs). The inverse power control schemes are employed at D2D transmitters. For the proposed hybrid network, we model the positions of CUs, D2D users (DUs), and PBs as the independently Poisson point processes (PPPs), respectively. By applying stochastic geometry, we present the energy harvesting scheme and derive the sufficient probability that a typical D2D transmitter harvests sufficient energy to establish communication links. Both the analytical and numerical results show that exploiting the ambient RF interference is an effective alternative to enhance the sufficient probability of D2D communications.